A pencil is a writing instrument typically consisting of a thin cylindrical shaft made of wood, plastic, or metal, containing a graphite or colored pigment core. The graphite core is encased in the shaft and is used for marking or drawing on paper or other surfaces. Pencils come in various hardness grades, ranging from soft to hard, which determine the darkness and smoothness of the markings they produce. They are favored for their versatility, portability, and ease of use, making them suitable for writing, sketching, shading, and technical drawing. Pencils can be sharpened to maintain a fine point for precise work or left unsharpened for broader strokes. They are widely used in schools, offices, art studios, and various other settings.